S.Murugesh

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List of Phobias

A

Ablutophobia-Fear of washing or bathing.
Acarophobia- Fear of itching or of the insects that cause itching.
Acerophobia- Fear of sourness.
Achluophobia- Fear of darkness.
Acousticophobia- Fear of noise.
Acrophobia- Fear of heights.
Aerophobia- Fear of drafts, air swallowing, or airbourne noxious substances.
Aeroacrophobia- Fear of open high places.
Aeronausiphobia- Fear of vomiting secondary to airsickness.
Agateophobia- Fear of insanity.
Agliophobia- Fear of pain.
Agoraphobia- Fear of open spaces or of being in crowded, public places like markets. Fear of leaving a safe place.
Agraphobia- Fear of sexual abuse.
Agrizoophobia- Fear of wild animals.
Agyrophobia- Fear of streets or crossing the street.
Aichmophobia- Fear of needles or pointed objects.
Ailurophobia- Fear of cats.
Albuminurophobia- Fear of kidney disease.
Alektorophobia- Fear of chickens.
Algophobia- Fear of pain.
Alliumphobia- Fear of garlic.
Allodoxaphobia- Fear of opinions.
Altophobia- Fear of heights.
Amathophobia- Fear of dust.
Amaxophobia- Fear of riding in a car.
Ambulophobia- Fear of walking.
Amnesiphobia- Fear of amnesia.
Amychophobia- Fear of scratches or being scratched.
Anablephobia- Fear of looking up.
Ancraophobia- Fear of wind. (Anemophobia)
Androphobia- Fear of men.
Anemophobia- Fear of air drafts or wind.(Ancraophobia)
Anginophobia- Fear of angina, choking or narrowness.
Anglophobia- Fear of England or English culture, etc.
Angrophobia - Fear of anger or of becoming angry.
Ankylophobia- Fear of immobility of a joint.
Anthrophobia or Anthophobia- Fear of flowers.
Anthropophobia- Fear of people or society.
Antlophobia- Fear of floods.
Anuptaphobia- Fear of staying single.
Apeirophobia- Fear of infinity.
Aphenphosmphobia- Fear of being touched. (Haphephobia)
Apiphobia- Fear of bees.
Apotemnophobia- Fear of persons with amputations.
Arachibutyrophobia- Fear of peanut butter sticking to the roof of the mouth.
Arachnephobia or Arachnophobia- Fear of spiders.
Arithmophobia- Fear of numbers.
Arrhenphobia- Fear of men.
Arsonphobia- Fear of fire.
Asthenophobia- Fear of fainting or weakness.
Astraphobia or Astrapophobia- Fear of thunder and lightning.(Ceraunophobia, Keraunophobia)
Astrophobia- Fear of stars or celestial space.
Asymmetriphobia- Fear of asymmetrical things.
Ataxiophobia- Fear of ataxia. (muscular incoordination)
Ataxophobia- Fear of disorder or untidiness.
Atelophobia- Fear of imperfection.
Atephobia- Fear of ruin or ruins.
Athazagoraphobia- Fear of being forgotton or ignored or forgetting.
Atomosophobia- Fear of atomic explosions.
Atychiphobia- Fear of failure.
Aulophobia- Fear of flutes.
Aurophobia- Fear of gold.
Auroraphobia- Fear of Northern lights.
Autodysomophobia- Fear of one that has a vile odor.
Automatonophobia- Fear of ventriloquist's dummies, animatronic creatures, wax statues - anything that falsly represents a sentient being.
Automysophobia- Fear of being dirty.
Autophobia- Fear of being alone or of oneself.
Aviophobia or Aviatophobia- Fear of flying.

B


Bacillophobia- Fear of microbes.
Bacteriophobia- Fear of bacteria.
Ballistophobia- Fear of missiles or bullets.
Bolshephobia- Fear of Bolsheviks.
Barophobia- Fear of gravity.
Basophobia or Basiphobia- Inability to stand. Fear of walking or falling.
Bathmophobia- Fear of stairs or steep slopes.
Bathophobia- Fear of depth.
Batophobia- Fear of heights or being close to high buildings.
Batrachophobia- Fear of amphibians, such as frogs, newts, salamanders, etc.
Belonephobia- Fear of pins and needles. (Aichmophobia)
Bibliophobia- Fear of books.
Blennophobia- Fear of slime.
Bogyphobia- Fear of bogeys or the bogeyman.
Botanophobia- Fear of plants.
Bromidrosiphobia or Bromidrophobia- Fear of body smells.
Brontophobia- Fear of thunder and lightning.
Bufonophobia- Fear of toads.

C


Cacophobia- Fear of ugliness.
Cainophobia or Cainotophobia- Fear of newness, novelty.
Caligynephobia- Fear of beautiful women.
Cancerophobia or Carcinophobia- Fear of cancer.
Cardiophobia- Fear of the heart.
Carnophobia- Fear of meat.
Catagelophobia- Fear of being ridiculed.
Catapedaphobia- Fear of jumping from high and low places.
Cathisophobia- Fear of sitting.
Catoptrophobia- Fear of mirrors.
Cenophobia or Centophobia- Fear of new things or ideas.
Ceraunophobia or Keraunophobia- Fear of thunder and lightning.(Astraphobia, Astrapophobia)
Chaetophobia- Fear of hair.
Cheimaphobia or Cheimatophobia- Fear of cold.(Frigophobia, Psychophobia)
Chemophobia- Fear of chemicals or working with chemicals.
Cherophobia- Fear of gaiety.
Chionophobia- Fear of snow.
Chiraptophobia- Fear of being touched.
Chirophobia- Fear of hands.
Cholerophobia- Fear of anger or the fear of cholera.
Chorophobia- Fear of dancing.
Chrometophobia or Chrematophobia- Fear of money.
Chromophobia or Chromatophobia- Fear of colors.
Chronophobia- Fear of time.
Chronomentrophobia- Fear of clocks.
Cibophobia- Fear of food.(Sitophobia, Sitiophobia)
Claustrophobia- Fear of confined spaces.
Cleithrophobia or Cleisiophobia- Fear of being locked in an enclosed place.
Cleptophobia- Fear of stealing.
Climacophobia- Fear of stairs, climbing, or of falling downstairs.
Clinophobia- Fear of going to bed.
Clithrophobia or Cleithrophobia- Fear of being enclosed.
Cnidophobia- Fear of stings.
Cometophobia- Fear of comets.
Coimetrophobia- Fear of cemeteries.
Coitophobia- Fear of coitus.
Contreltophobia- Fear of sexual abuse.
Coprastasophobia- Fear of constipation.
Coprophobia- Fear of feces.
Consecotaleophobia- Fear of chopsticks.
Coulrophobia- Fear of clowns.
Counterphobia- The preference by a phobic for fearful situations.
Cremnophobia- Fear of precipices.
Cryophobia- Fear of extreme cold, ice or frost.
Crystallophobia- Fear of crystals or glass.
Cyberphobia- Fear of computers or working on a computer.
Cyclophobia- Fear of bicycles.
Cymophobia or Kymophobia- Fear of waves or wave like motions.
Cynophobia- Fear of dogs or rabies.
Cypridophobia or Cypriphobia or Cyprianophobia or Cyprinophobia - Fear of prostitutes or venereal disease.

D


Decidophobia- Fear of making decisions.
Defecaloesiophobia- Fear of painful bowels movements.
Deipnophobia- Fear of dining or dinner conversations.
Dementophobia- Fear of insanity.
Demonophobia or Daemonophobia- Fear of demons.
Demophobia- Fear of crowds. (Agoraphobia)
Dendrophobia- Fear of trees.
Dentophobia- Fear of dentists.
Dermatophobia- Fear of skin lesions.
Dermatosiophobia or Dermatophobia or Dermatopathophobia- Fear of skin disease.
Dextrophobia- Fear of objects at the right side of the body.
Diabetophobia- Fear of diabetes.
Didaskaleinophobia- Fear of going to school.
Dikephobia- Fear of justice.
Dinophobia- Fear of dizziness or whirlpools.
Diplophobia- Fear of double vision.
Dipsophobia- Fear of drinking.
Dishabiliophobia- Fear of undressing in front of someone.
Domatophobia- Fear of houses or being in a house.(Eicophobia, Oikophobia)
Doraphobia- Fear of fur or skins of animals.
Doxophobia- Fear of expressing opinions or of receiving praise.
Dromophobia- Fear of crossing streets.
Dutchphobia- Fear of the Dutch.
Dysmorphophobia- Fear of deformity.
Dystychiphobia- Fear of accidents.

E


Ecclesiophobia- Fear of church.
Ecophobia- Fear of home.
Eicophobia- Fear of home surroundings.(Domatophobia, Oikophobia)
Eisoptrophobia- Fear of mirrors or of seeing oneself in a mirror.
Electrophobia- Fear of electricity.
Eleutherophobia- Fear of freedom.
Elurophobia- Fear of cats. (Ailurophobia)
Emetophobia- Fear of vomiting.
Enetophobia- Fear of pins.
Enochlophobia- Fear of crowds.
Enosiophobia or Enissophobia- Fear of having committed an unpardonable sin or of criticism.
Entomophobia- Fear of insects.
Eosophobia- Fear of dawn or daylight.
Ephebiphobia- Fear of teenagers.
Epistaxiophobia- Fear of nosebleeds.
Epistemophobia- Fear of knowledge.
Equinophobia- Fear of horses.
Eremophobia- Fear of being oneself or of lonliness.
Ereuthrophobia- Fear of blushing.
Ergasiophobia- 1) Fear of work or functioning. 2) Surgeon's fear of operating.
Ergophobia- Fear of work.
Erotophobia- Fear of sexual love or sexual questions.
Euphobia- Fear of hearing good news.
Eurotophobia- Fear of female genitalia.
Erythrophobia or Erytophobia or Ereuthophobia- 1) Fear of redlights. 2) Blushing. 3) Red.


F


Febriphobia or Fibriphobia or Fibriophobia- Fear of fever.
Felinophobia- Fear of cats. (Ailurophobia, Elurophobia, Galeophobia, Gatophobia)
Francophobia- Fear of France or French culture. (Gallophobia, Galiophobia)
Frigophobia- Fear of cold or cold things.(Cheimaphobia, Cheimatophobia, Psychrophobia)

G


Galeophobia or Gatophobia- Fear of cats.
Gallophobia or Galiophobia- Fear France or French culture. (Francophobia)
Gamophobia- Fear of marriage.
Geliophobia- Fear of laughter.
Geniophobia- Fear of chins.
Genophobia- Fear of sex.
Genuphobia- Fear of knees.
Gephyrophobia or Gephydrophobia or Gephysrophobia- Fear of crossing bridges.
Germanophobia- Fear of Germany or German culture.
Gerascophobia- Fear of growing old.
Gerontophobia- Fear of old people or of growing old.
Geumaphobia or Geumophobia- Fear of taste.
Glossophobia- Fear of speaking in public or of trying to speak.
Gnosiophobia- Fear of knowledge.
Graphophobia- Fear of writing or handwriting.
Gymnophobia- Fear of nudity.
Gynephobia or Gynophobia- Fear of women.

H


Hadephobia- Fear of hell.
Hagiophobia- Fear of saints or holy things.
Hamartophobia- Fear of sinning.
Haphephobia or Haptephobia- Fear of being touched.
Harpaxophobia- Fear of being robbed.
Hedonophobia- Fear of feeling pleasure.
Heliophobia- Fear of the sun.
Hellenologophobia- Fear of Greek terms or complex scientific terminology.
Helminthophobia- Fear of being infested with worms.
Hemophobia or Hemaphobia or Hematophobia- Fear of blood.
Heresyphobia or Hereiophobia- Fear of challenges to official doctrine or of radical deviation.
Herpetophobia- Fear of reptiles or creepy, crawly things.
Heterophobia- Fear of the opposite sex. (Sexophobia)
Hexakosioihexekontahexaphobia- Fear of the number 666.
Hierophobia- Fear of priests or sacred things.
Hippophobia- Fear of horses.
Hippopotomonstrosesquippedaliophobia- Fear of long words.
Hobophobia- Fear of bums or beggars.
Hodophobia- Fear of road travel.
Hormephobia- Fear of shock.
Homichlophobia- Fear of fog.
Homilophobia- Fear of sermons.
Hominophobia- Fear of men.
Homophobia- Fear of sameness, monotony or of homosexuality or of becoming homosexual.
Hoplophobia- Fear of firearms.
Hydrargyophobia- Fear of mercurial medicines.
Hydrophobia- Fear of water or of rabies.
Hydrophobophobia- Fear of rabies.
Hyelophobia or Hyalophobia- Fear of glass.
Hygrophobia- Fear of liquids, dampness, or moisture.
Hylephobia- Fear of materialism or the fear of epilepsy.
Hylophobia- Fear of forests.
Hypengyophobia or Hypegiaphobia- Fear of responsibility.
Hypnophobia- Fear of sleep or of being hypnotized.
Hypsiphobia- Fear of height.


I


Iatrophobia- Fear of going to the doctor or of doctors.
Ichthyophobia- Fear of fish.
Ideophobia- Fear of ideas.
Illyngophobia- Fear of vertigo or feeling dizzy when looking down.
Iophobia- Fear of poison.
Insectophobia - Fear of insects.
Isolophobia- Fear of solitude, being alone.
Isopterophobia- Fear of termites, insects that eat wood.
Ithyphallophobia- Fear of seeing, thinking about or having an erect penis.

J


Japanophobia- Fear of Japanese.
Judeophobia- Fear of Jews.

K


Kainolophobia or Kainophobia- Fear of anything new, novelty.
Kakorrhaphiophobia- Fear of failure or defeat.
Katagelophobia- Fear of ridicule.
Kathisophobia- Fear of sitting down.
Kenophobia- Fear of voids or empty spaces.
Keraunophobia or Ceraunophobia- Fear of thunder and lightning.(Astraphobia, Astrapophobia)
Kinetophobia or Kinesophobia- Fear of movement or motion.
Kleptophobia- Fear of stealing.
Koinoniphobia- Fear of rooms.
Kolpophobia- Fear of genitals, particularly female.
Kopophobia- Fear of fatigue.
Koniophobia- Fear of dust. (Amathophobia)
Kosmikophobia- Fear of cosmic phenomenon.
Kymophobia- Fear of waves. (Cymophobia)
Kynophobia- Fear of rabies.
Kyphophobia- Fear of stooping.

L


Lachanophobia- Fear of vegetables.
Laliophobia or Lalophobia- Fear of speaking.
Leprophobia or Lepraphobia- Fear of leprosy.
Leukophobia- Fear of the color white.
Levophobia- Fear of things to the left side of the body.
Ligyrophobia- Fear of loud noises.
Lilapsophobia- Fear of tornadoes and hurricanes.
Limnophobia- Fear of lakes.
Linonophobia- Fear of string.
Liticaphobia- Fear of lawsuits.
Lockiophobia- Fear of childbirth.
Logizomechanophobia- Fear of computers.
Logophobia- Fear of words.
Luiphobia- Fear of lues, syphillis.
Lutraphobia- Fear of otters.
Lygophobia- Fear of darkness.
Lyssophobia- Fear of rabies or of becoming mad.

M


Macrophobia- Fear of long waits.
Mageirocophobia- Fear of cooking.
Maieusiophobia- Fear of childbirth.
Malaxophobia- Fear of love play. (Sarmassophobia)
Maniaphobia- Fear of insanity.
Mastigophobia- Fear of punishment.
Mechanophobia- Fear of machines.
Medomalacuphobia- Fear of losing an erection.
Medorthophobia- Fear of an erect penis.
Megalophobia- Fear of large things.
Melissophobia- Fear of bees.
Melanophobia- Fear of the color black.
Melophobia- Fear or hatred of music.
Meningitophobia- Fear of brain disease.
Menophobia- Fear of menstruation.
Merinthophobia- Fear of being bound or tied up.
Metallophobia- Fear of metal.
Metathesiophobia- Fear of changes.
Meteorophobia- Fear of meteors.
Methyphobia- Fear of alcohol.
Metrophobia- Fear or hatred of poetry.
Microbiophobia- Fear of microbes. (Bacillophobia)
Microphobia- Fear of small things.
Misophobia or Mysophobia- Fear of being contaminated with dirt or germs.
Mnemophobia- Fear of memories.
Molysmophobia or Molysomophobia- Fear of dirt or contamination.
Monophobia- Fear of solitude or being alone.
Monopathophobia- Fear of definite disease.
Motorphobia- Fear of automobiles.
Mottephobia- Fear of moths.
Musophobia or Muriphobia- Fear of mice.
Mycophobia- Fear or aversion to mushrooms.
Mycrophobia- Fear of small things.
Myctophobia- Fear of darkness.
Myrmecophobia- Fear of ants.
Mythophobia- Fear of myths or stories or false statements.
Myxophobia- Fear of slime. (Blennophobia)

N


Nebulaphobia- Fear of fog. (Homichlophobia)
Necrophobia- Fear of death or dead things.
Nelophobia- Fear of glass.
Neopharmaphobia- Fear of new drugs.
Neophobia- Fear of anything new.
Nephophobia- Fear of clouds.
Noctiphobia- Fear of the night.
Nomatophobia- Fear of names.
Nosocomephobia- Fear of hospitals.
Nosophobia or Nosemaphobia- Fear of becoming ill.
Nostophobia- Fear of returning home.
Novercaphobia- Fear of your step-mother.
Nucleomituphobia- Fear of nuclear weapons.
Nudophobia- Fear of nudity.
Numerophobia- Fear of numbers.
Nyctohylophobia- Fear of dark wooded areas or of forests at night
Nyctophobia- Fear of the dark or of night.

O


Obesophobia- Fear of gaining weight.(Pocrescophobia)
Ochlophobia- Fear of crowds or mobs.
Ochophobia- Fear of vehicles.
Octophobia - Fear of the figure 8.
Odontophobia- Fear of teeth or dental surgery.
Odynophobia or Odynephobia- Fear of pain. (Algophobia)
Oenophobia- Fear of wines.
Oikophobia- Fear of home surroundings, house.(Domatophobia, Eicophobia)
Olfactophobia- Fear of smells.
Ombrophobia- Fear of rain or of being rained on.
Ommetaphobia or Ommatophobia- Fear of eyes.
Oneirophobia- Fear of dreams.
Oneirogmophobia- Fear of wet dreams.
Onomatophobia- Fear of hearing a certain word or of names.
Ophidiophobia- Fear of snakes. (Snakephobia)
Ophthalmophobia- Fear of being stared at.
Opiophobia- Fear medical doctors experience of prescribing needed pain medications for patients.
Optophobia- Fear of opening one's eyes.
Ornithophobia- Fear of birds.
Orthophobia- Fear of property.
Osmophobia or Osphresiophobia- Fear of smells or odors.
Ostraconophobia- Fear of shellfish.
Ouranophobia or Uranophobia- Fear of heaven.

P


Pagophobia- Fear of ice or frost.
Panthophobia- Fear of suffering and disease.
Panophobia or Pantophobia- Fear of everything.
Papaphobia- Fear of the Pope.
Papyrophobia- Fear of paper.
Paralipophobia- Fear of neglecting duty or responsibility.
Paraphobia- Fear of sexual perversion.
Parasitophobia- Fear of parasites.
Paraskavedekatriaphobia- Fear of Friday the 13th.
Parthenophobia- Fear of virgins or young girls.
Pathophobia- Fear of disease.
Patroiophobia- Fear of heredity.
Parturiphobia- Fear of childbirth.
Peccatophobia- Fear of sinning or imaginary crimes.
Pediculophobia- Fear of lice.
Pediophobia- Fear of dolls.
Pedophobia- Fear of children.
Peladophobia- Fear of bald people.
Pellagrophobia- Fear of pellagra.
Peniaphobia- Fear of poverty.
Pentheraphobia- Fear of mother-in-law. (Novercaphobia)
Phagophobia- Fear of swallowing or of eating or of being eaten.
Phalacrophobia- Fear of becoming bald.
Phallophobia- Fear of a penis, esp erect.
Pharmacophobia- Fear of taking medicine.
Phasmophobia- Fear of ghosts.
Phengophobia- Fear of daylight or sunshine.
Philemaphobia or Philematophobia- Fear of kissing.
Philophobia- Fear of falling in love or being in love.
Philosophobia- Fear of philosophy.
Phobophobia- Fear of phobias.
Photoaugliaphobia- Fear of glaring lights.
Photophobia- Fear of light.
Phonophobia- Fear of noises or voices or one's own voice; of telephones.
Phronemophobia- Fear of thinking.
Phthiriophobia- Fear of lice. (Pediculophobia)
Phthisiophobia- Fear of tuberculosis.
Placophobia- Fear of tombstones.
Plutophobia- Fear of wealth.
Pluviophobia- Fear of rain or of being rained on.
Pneumatiphobia- Fear of spirits.
Pnigophobia or Pnigerophobia- Fear of choking of being smothered.
Pocrescophobia- Fear of gaining weight. (Obesophobia)
Pogonophobia- Fear of beards.
Poliosophobia- Fear of contracting poliomyelitis.
Politicophobia- Fear or abnormal dislike of politicians.
Polyphobia- Fear of many things.
Poinephobia- Fear of punishment.
Ponophobia- Fear of overworking or of pain.
Porphyrophobia- Fear of the color purple.
Potamophobia- Fear of rivers or running water.
Potophobia- Fear of alcohol.
Pharmacophobia- Fear of drugs.
Proctophobia- Fear of rectums.
Prosophobia- Fear of progress.
Psellismophobia- Fear of stuttering.
Psychophobia- Fear of mind.
Psychrophobia- Fear of cold.
Pteromerhanophobia- Fear of flying.
Pteronophobia- Fear of being tickled by feathers.
Pupaphobia - Fear of puppets.
Pyrexiophobia- Fear of Fever.
Pyrophobia- Fear of fire.

R


Radiophobia- Fear of radiation, x-rays.
Ranidaphobia- Fear of frogs.
Rectophobia- Fear of rectum or rectal diseases.
Rhabdophobia- Fear of being severely punished or beaten by a rod, or of being severely criticized. Also
fear of magic.(wand)
Rhypophobia- Fear of defecation.
Rhytiphobia- Fear of getting wrinkles.
Rupophobia- Fear of dirt.
Russophobia- Fear of Russians.

S


Samhainophobia: Fear of Halloween.
Sarmassophobia- Fear of love play. (Malaxophobia)
Satanophobia- Fear of Satan.
Scabiophobia- Fear of scabies.
Scatophobia- Fear of fecal matter.
Scelerophibia- Fear of bad men, burglars.
Sciophobia Sciaphobia- Fear of shadows.
Scoleciphobia- Fear of worms.
Scolionophobia- Fear of school.
Scopophobia or Scoptophobia- Fear of being seen or stared at.
Scotomaphobia- Fear of blindness in visual field.
Scotophobia- Fear of darkness. (Achluophobia)
Scriptophobia- Fear of writing in public.
Selachophobia- Fear of sharks.
Selaphobia- Fear of light flashes.
Selenophobia- Fear of the moon.
Seplophobia- Fear of decaying matter.
Sesquipedalophobia- Fear of long words.
Sexophobia- Fear of the opposite sex. (Heterophobia)
Siderodromophobia- Fear of trains, railroads or train travel.
Siderophobia- Fear of stars.
Sinistrophobia- Fear of things to the left or left-handed.
Sinophobia- Fear of Chinese, Chinese culture.
Sitophobia or Sitiophobia- Fear of food or eating. (Cibophobia)
Snakephobia- Fear of snakes. (Ophidiophobia)
Soceraphobia- Fear of parents-in-law.
Social Phobia- Fear of being evaluated negatively in social situations.
Sociophobia- Fear of society or people in general.
Somniphobia- Fear of sleep.
Sophophobia- Fear of learning.
Soteriophobia - Fear of dependence on others.
Spacephobia- Fear of outer space.
Spectrophobia- Fear of specters or ghosts.
Spermatophobia or Spermophobia- Fear of germs.
Spheksophobia- Fear of wasps.
Stasibasiphobia or Stasiphobia- Fear of standing or walking. (Ambulophobia)
Staurophobia- Fear of crosses or the crucifix.
Stenophobia- Fear of narrow things or places.
Stygiophobia or Stigiophobia- Fear of hell.
Suriphobia- Fear of mice.
Symbolophobia- Fear of symbolism.
Symmetrophobia- Fear of symmetry.
Syngenesophobia- Fear of relatives.
Syphilophobia- Fear of syphilis.

T


Tachophobia- Fear of speed.
Taeniophobia or Teniophobia- Fear of tapeworms.
Taphephobia Taphophobia- Fear of being buried alive or of cemeteries.
Tapinophobia- Fear of being contagious.
Taurophobia- Fear of bulls.
Technophobia- Fear of technology.
Teleophobia- 1) Fear of definite plans. 2) Religious ceremony.
Telephonophobia- Fear of telephones.
Teratophobia- Fear of bearing a deformed child or fear of monsters or deformed people.
Testophobia- Fear of taking tests.
Tetanophobia- Fear of lockjaw, tetanus.
Teutophobia- Fear of German or German things.
Textophobia- Fear of certain fabrics.
Thaasophobia- Fear of sitting.
Thalassophobia- Fear of the sea.
Thanatophobia or Thantophobia- Fear of death or dying.
Theatrophobia- Fear of theatres.
Theologicophobia- Fear of theology.
Theophobia- Fear of gods or religion.
Thermophobia- Fear of heat.
Tocophobia- Fear of pregnancy or childbirth.
Tomophobia- Fear of surgical operations.
Tonitrophobia- Fear of thunder.
Topophobia- Fear of certain places or situations, such as stage fright.
Toxiphobia or Toxophobia or Toxicophobia- Fear of poison or of being accidently poisoned.
Traumatophobia- Fear of injury.
Tremophobia- Fear of trembling.
Trichinophobia- Fear of trichinosis.
Trichopathophobia or Trichophobia- Fear of hair. (Chaetophobia, Hypertrichophobia)
Triskaidekaphobia- Fear of the number 13.
Tropophobia- Fear of moving or making changes.
Trypanophobia- Fear of injections.
Tuberculophobia- Fear of tuberculosis.
Tyrannophobia- Fear of tyrants.

U

Uranophobia or Ouranophobia- Fear of heaven.
Urophobia- Fear of urine or urinating.

V

Vaccinophobia- Fear of vaccination.
Venustraphobia- Fear of beautiful women.
Verbophobia- Fear of words.
Verminophobia- Fear of germs.
Vestiphobia- Fear of clothing.
Virginitiphobia- Fear of rape.
Vitricophobia- Fear of step-father.

W

Walloonphobia- Fear of the Walloons.
Wiccaphobia: Fear of witches and witchcraft.

X

Xanthophobia- Fear of the color yellow or the word yellow.
Xenoglossophobia- Fear of foreign languages.
Xenophobia- Fear of strangers or foreigners.
Xerophobia- Fear of dryness.
Xylophobia- 1) Fear of wooden objects. 2) Forests.
Xyrophobia-Fear of razors.

Z

Zelophobia- Fear of jealousy.
Zeusophobia- Fear of God or gods.
Zemmiphobia- Fear of the great mole rat.
Zoophobia- Fear of animals.

What is a bot?

When searching the Web, bot is short for robot. It is a program that can be directed to automatically find information on the Internet. Bots are able to sort through large amounts of data and decipher the relevant information. A bot searches the Net in the same way a person does when he (or she) uses a Web browser like Internet Explorer or Netscape. But instead of a person directing a Web browser to go to certain pages, code directs a bot. A bot is programmed to go to different websites then follow the links on those sites. It can be instructed to make decisions about where to go next based on the information the bot finds at each site.

Is a bot the same thing as a spider? A bot is synonymous with spider, crawler and agent.
This sounds a lot like a search engine, what’s the difference? A bot is an essential component of a search engine. When a user enters a word or phrase into the little box of a search engine, like Google, the search engine makes a query, which means it searches an index. The index that the search engine searches is created in part by a bot.

The search engine gives the bot specific instructions to bring back information. The information is then put into an index that the search engine looks at in order to locate the user’s request.
So, the search engine tells a bot what to look for, and then with that information it makes an index. When I put the word “apricot” into the search engine, it searches the index that a bot helped create, and brings me back the relevant information.

Can a bot help me? It depends on what kind of help you want. When looking for general information a bot can help you indirectly by working as part of a search engine. Bot programs can be downloaded (in some cases for free), but the list of information they return with isn't useful to the average user.

What about a shopbot? A shopbot can be a useful tool for someone shopping on the Web because they can search the Web for the best prices on products. Shopbots can also compare features and different merchants.

For example, I’ve been thinking about buying a keyboard for my palm pilot. They cost about $100 in retail stores, but I think I can find a better deal so I turn to a shopbot like shopbot.com. At their website I enter “palm V handheld keyboard” and the shopbot brings back a list of keyboards and related items. I find that LandWare makes a keyboard for about $70. But it doesn’t look like it’s the style I want. So I check Buy.com, which is selling the one I am interested in—for a bargain price of about $90.

Can a website block bots? Yes, and some do, but most websites have directions for bots when they come to their sites. They tell them what parts of the site they should go to and where they can’t go.

Can bots be a nuisance? If a bot is badly designed then it can clog the servers of the websites it visits and slow down the sites. This is rare, however, and in most cases bots do not cause problems.

Are bots used in the wireless world? Bots are set to play a significant role in the wireless world. Imagine finding what you want in a store and then having the capability to find it cheaper on the Web while still standing in the store. Will the store match the price? Or will you choose to have the item shipped to your house? Right now the technology to do this isn’t that simple (you could have problems getting a wireless signal, or it could take forever to find the relevant information), but the future is full of potential.

What is Telematics?

What is telematics? Telematics is often considered a cross between communications and computer systems. For automobiles a telematics system consists of putting a computer, a wireless connection to either an operator or data services like the Internet and a global positioning system (GPS) into a car.

Telematics is also being considered for monitoring purposes, but is rarely referred to in any context beside automobiles.

What is it used for? Telematics is used for monitoring, safety and convenience. A telematics system can notify an operator when the “check engine” light goes on or when an airbag deploys. When a safety measure is detected in the car, an operator calls the car to make sure the passengers are okay—and if they aren’t then the operator sends helps. Global positioning systems (GPS) tell the operator where to send the police and ambulance.

If you lock yourself out of the car then a telematics system can unlock it for you, and if your car is stolen the system can locate it for you. A Lexus can even call you if your car alarm goes off.
Automobile telematics systems have the potential offer several services. A concierge system is a possibility. So is voice-delivered Web access. As of right now, however, most only offer safety and navigational help.

Who is using in car telematics? Only about one million people right now, but that number is expected to grow. By 2006 more than 50 percent of all cars produced in North America will be capable of telematics, and 90 percent of all luxury cars will offer services, says the Strategis Group. Revenues are expected to reach $9.4 billion in North America by 2006.
OnStar, from General Motors, is the most widely used telematics system. It delivers safety and roadside assistance services. Telematics systems can also found in cars like BMW, Jaguar, Mercedes-Benz and Lexus. In the future, telematics may be in less expensive cars. Ford has teamed up with Qualcomm to put a new system called WingCast in certain 2002 models, and a company called Clarion also offers systems.

How much do these systems cost? Some systems come with more expensive cars (like the 7 series BMW), other services cost between $15 and $20 a month. The more features, the higher the cost.

What is P2P Computing?

In typical client/server computing, servers control the flow of data and information into and out of client computers. Essentially, the server runs the show. With peer-to-peer (P2P) computing, the server is removed from the equation, allowing computers—and more specifically, their users—to share files and other data directly, without going through a central server.

How does peer-to-peer computing work?The P2P model creates the effect of communal living. Imagine a group of thirtysomethings with common ideas about living together and sharing certain belongings. They have one cabinet where they put everything they're willing to share—clothes, CDs, food—but they can also have a locked cabinet where they store private belongings—diaries, savings bonds, photos. P2P works the same way. By downloading various types of software onto a hard drive, you can connect to a network of other users who have downloaded the same software. You specify which information on your hard drive you want to make public, and you can access what others have made public. So if you're looking for a photo of some special Olympic moment, and it's available on any of the hard drives of the connected computers, it's all yours.

Wait. Are you talking about Napster?Not necessarily. For some, P2P has become synonymous with Napster, the site that let music fans download software to locate and share music files from the hard drives of other members. (The problem, of course, with sharing free music files is that the people who create the music aren't being compensated. That's why the recording industry took Napster to court.) According to purists, Napster doesn't fit in the P2P category because it keeps a central database of users. Ultimately, the attention that the site has garnered may have hurt the P2P community.

What will P2P mean to my business?Most likely, you now send files to other people using clunky e-mail attachments that are dependent on a central server and can be intercepted. P2P allows people to share files independently, without going through servers. E-commerce could benefit as well—think of a Napsterlike service that charges members. And if members of B2B exchanges could use P2P to cut out the middlemen that serve them, such exchanges could become a whole lot more profitable for buyers and sellers.

What are we waiting for? Let's go.Not so fast. Dozens of startups are offering P2P software, but the market is still brand-new, and shake-ups are inevitable. P2P has yet to make friends with most IT departments, because when users' workstations start doing the work of servers, technology people—accustomed to being responsible for what information people have and how they pass it along—start worrying about bandwidth and security. Take away that control, and you invite upheaval. So while it may have a long way to go, P2P's potential is hard to argue. After all, you may recall the last such idea created under the rubric "sharing and connecting." It was called the World Wide Web.

What is 3G Technology?

What is 3G wireless?

3G wireless networks are capable of transferring data at speeds of up to 384Kbps. Average speeds for 3G networks will range between 64Kbps and 384Kbps, quite a jump when compared to common wireless data speeds in the U.S. that are often slower than a 14.4Kb modem. 3G is considered high-speed or broadband mobile Internet access, and in the future 3G networks are expected to reach speeds of more than 2Mbps.

3G technologies are turning phones and other devices into multmedia players, making it possible to download music and video clips. The new service is called the freedom of mobile multimedia access (FOMA), and it uses wideband code division multiple access (W-CDMA) technology to transfer data over its networks. W-CDMA sends data in a digital format over a range of frequencies, which makes the data move faster, but also uses more bandwidth than digital voice services. W-CDMA is not the only 3G technology; competing technologies include CDMAOne, which differs technically, but should provide similar services.

FOMA services are available in a 20-mile radius around the center of Tokyo, the company plans to introduce it to other Japanese cities by the end of the year. But services and phones are expensive and uptake of this market is expected to be slow.

What is 2.5G? When the wireless industry realized that it was going to be costly and technologically challenging to upgrade to 3G networks, an interim stage emerged called 2.5G. These networks transfer data at speeds of up to 114Kbps, which is faster than traditional digital (2G) networks. They are always on. A phone with 2.5G services can alternate between using the Net, sending or receiving text messages, and making phone calls without losing its connection.
While Japan has had 2.5G services for more than a year and Europe also has had 2.5G services, the U.S. is just beginning to make these same services available. Seattle was the first U.S. city to acquire 2.5G services (it happened in July 2001). Wireless carriers are working on expanding those services to more cities in 2001. The dominant 2.5G technology is general packet radio service (GPRS), which is always on and gives users a connection to the Internet and e-mail.
Why is the U.S. so far behind the rest of the world? The U.S. lags behind the rest of the world when it comes to wireless technologies for a number of reasons. The telecommunications infrastructure in the U.S. is more developed than many European and Asian countries. As a result, the demand for wireless devices has been lower in the U.S because consumers have other low-cost options.

Also, the U.S. has a number of competing technical standards for digital services, while European and Asian countries are predominately centered around one group of standards in the global systems for mobile communication (GSM) family.

3G wireless services also require additional bandwidth (compared to 2G services), but many U.S. wireless companies do not have licenses for enough airwaves to provide such services

What is EDI? electronic data interchange (EDI)

EDI refers to the electronic exchange of business information between two companies using a specific and structured format. The concept has been around since the 1970s and has traditionally been used to automate buyer-seller transactions such as invoices and purchase orders. But as more processes within a company become automated, EDI has expanded to areas such as inventory management and product distribution.

How does it work? EDI relies on standards, or common methods of defining classes of business data, which allow computers to recognize what data belongs to what department in a company. In the early days of EDI, many companies built in-house EDI standards, but as interest grew, industries started to agree on common standards, administered by standards organizations. These standards, which allow computers in different organizations to share information over privately built, closed networks known as value-added networks, led to the use of EDI for corporate purchasing.

What are the benefits? Consider a very simple non-EDI-based purchase: A buyer decides he needs 365 ballpeen hammers. He creates a purchase order, prints it out and pops it in the mail. When the supplier gets the order, she types it into her company's computer system. The inventory guy pulls the order and ships out the hammers. Next, the supplier prints out and mails an invoice. It's not hard to imagine that this process could take several days. EDI has the potential to cut massive amounts of time out of the process. Sending documents, such as purchase orders or invoices, electronically takes minutes, not days, and shipments can often go out the day the order comes in. Moreover, the electronic format does not need to be rekeyed upon arrival, which also eliminates the possibility of typos. And EDI reduces costs by cutting down on data input, routing and delivery.

What does all of this have to do with the Internet? Building an EDI system has traditionally required a substantial investment in some heavy-duty computers and networking equipment for both parties. Sometimes a large buyer, such as Wal-Mart, will require that all its suppliers be EDI-compliant. That puts a burden on smaller suppliers, forcing them to choose between a heavy technical investment or a loss of business. And EDI isn't instantaneous. Because it uses information that frequently resides in mainframes, the quality of information on an EDI network depends on how frequently the data is refreshed from the mainframe.

And that's the promise of the Web, which offers much lower connectivity costs. That, added to the lower costs of PCs and simpler software, makes EDI over the Web a compelling proposition. Moreover, XML, an open standard for sharing data on the Web, is starting to appear as a method of coding EDI standards, which could provide technical clarity across industries.

What is KM (Knowledge Management)?

A knowledge-based company builds its competitive strategy on the processing of intangible, often invisible nuggets of information that cannot always be quantified or recorded. Such knowledge may include information about competitors or the understanding of a crucial market segment. It also encompasses the expertise of individual employees that, when mined, can increase a company's competitive advantage. Are information and knowledge different? Yes. Information is data: hard numbers about a company's profits, losses or budgets; the phone number of someone at a competing company who can be coerced out of some secrets. Take that information and season it with context and understanding, and you get knowledge. Put that knowledge where other people can get to it, like in groupware—specialized software, such as Lotus Notes, that supports communication among groups—and you are now managing the knowledge.

Where does knowledge reside in my company?That's what makes KM such a difficult concept to put into practice. Knowledge is ubiquitous. While information can live inside myriad databases, true knowledge is more likely to lie hidden and undervalued in the minds of individual employees. And it may dwell in the relationships your colleagues have with people at other companies.

Aren't people reluctant to give up their knowledge? Yes, and that's one of the trickiest parts of knowledge management. Before you can manage knowledge, you have to get it out of people's brains and into a central repository. And that's not easy to do if people have proprietary feelings about what they know. After all, knowledge is power, and the impulse to hoard rather than share is strong. Real KM—getting, refining and sharing information across the business—requires enormous organizational change. Only companies willing to remake their cultures around the value of sharing knowledge and insight will see the benefits.

How do I know I'm doing it right?Quantifying a return on KM is hard to do definitively. Though a slew of companies are coming to market with software to help you try, it's still hard to put exact numbers on information organization. If careful attention to your intellectual assets has allowed you to abort a costly project before it failed, for example, you can count what you saved by not pursuing the project as KM ROI. And if there were a way to measure what you're losing by not undertaking knowledge management, then that would count as ROI, too. Companies that fail to exploit their knowledge tend to stumble on ideas and decisions with a haphazard approach rather than through a carefully organized method that takes full advantage of all available information. But happenstance is no longer enough. It's not what you have that's important; it's whether you can find it, and then what you do with it.

What is CRM?

CRM stands for Customer Relationship Management.

It is a strategy used to learn more about customers' needs and behaviors in order to develop stronger relationships with them. After all, good customer relationships are at the heart of business success. There are many technological components to CRM, but thinking about CRM in primarily technological terms is a mistake. The more useful way to think about CRM is as a process that will help bring together lots of pieces of information about customers, sales, marketing effectiveness, responsiveness and market trends.

What is the goal of CRM?
The idea of CRM is that it helps businesses use technology and human resources to gain insight into the behavior of customers and the value of those customers. If it works as hoped, a business can:
provide better customer service make call centers more efficient cross sell products more effectively help sales staff close deals faster simplify marketing and sales processes discover new customers increase customer revenuesThat sounds rosy.

How does it happen?
It doesn't happen by simply buying software and installing it. For CRM to be truly effective, an organization must first decide what kind of customer information it is looking for and it must decide what it intends to do with that information. For example, many financial institutions keep track of customers' life stages in order to market appropriate banking products like mortgages or IRAs to them at the right time.

Next, the organization must look into all of the different ways information about customers comes into a business, where and how this data is stored and how it is currently used. One company, for instance, may interact with customers in a myriad of different ways, including mail campaigns, websites, brick-and-mortar stores, call centers, mobile sales force staff and marketing and advertising efforts. Solid CRM systems link up each of these points. This collected data flows between operational systems (like sales and inventory systems) and analytical systems that can help sort through these records for patterns. Company analysts can then comb through the data to obtain a holistic view of each customer and pinpoint areas where better services are needed. For example, if someone has a mortgage, a business loan, an IRA and a large commercial checking account with one bank, it behooves the bank to treat this person well each time it has any contact with him or her.

Are there any indications of the need for a CRM project?
Not really. But one way to assess the need for a CRM project is to count the channels a customer can use to access the company. The more channels you have, the greater need there is for the type of single centralized customer view a CRM system can provide.

What are the keys to successful CRM implentation?
Break your CRM project down into manageable pieces by setting up pilot programs and short-term milestones. Start with a pilot project that incorporates all the necessary departments and groups. Make sure it gets projects rolling quickly but is small enough and flexible enough to allow tinkering along the way. Make sure your CRM plans include a scalable architecture framework. Don't underestimate how much data you might collect (there will be LOTS) and make sure that if you need to expand systems you'll be able to. Be thoughtful about what data is collected and stored. The impulse will be to grab and then store EVERY piece of data you can, but there is often no reason to store data. Storing useless data wastes time and money.
Recognize the individuality of customers and respond appropriately. A CRM system should, for example, have built-in pricing flexibility.

What causes CRM projects to fail?
Many things. From the beginning, lack of a communication between everyone in the customer relationship chain can lead to an incomplete picture of the customer. Poor communication can lead to technology being implemented without proper support or buy-in from users. For example, if the sales force isn't completely sold on the system's benefits, they may not input the kind of demographic data that is essential to the program's success. One Fortune 500 company is on its fourth try at a CRM implementation, primarily because its sale force resisted all the previous efforts to share customer data.

What is Bluetooth?

Bluetooth is a technology that connects electronic devices—from camcorders to PDAs to computers—without using wires. Consumers began to see Bluetooth in action when Toshiba starting selling a Bluetooth-enabled PC card over their website in September 2000 for $199. Other vendors plan to follow with devices ranging from PDAs to mobile phones.

A Bluetooth device uses radio signals to send information from one Bluetooth device to another through the air. For example, if you are trying to transfer a PC's address book to a PDA, first the data in an address book is translated into a language that the PDA can understand by a conduit. The data goes through the conduit to the Bluetooth device. The Bluetooth device is made up of a base-band processor, a radio, and an antenna. The base-band processor transfers the data into signals that the radio can understand, and the radio puts out signals in a frequency (2.4 gigahertz) that the antenna transmits through the air to another antenna on another Bluetooth device within 30-feet. The other device receives the data and processes it in the reverse order.
Bluetooth is supported by a Special Interest Group (SIG), which was founded in 1998 and has approximately 2,000 members, all of whom have access to Bluetooth specifications (the information needed to make a Bluetooth product). The SIG includes IBM, Intel, Microsoft and Nokia, and works to develop and promote the Bluetooth technology.

But Bluetooth, like many new technologies, may not be an instant hit. There are still plenty of questions about the ability of these devices to speak the same language. So while devices produced by the same company could communicate with each other easily, integration may be difficult when multiple vendors are involved. And while consultants at Forrester Research expect Bluetooth's popularity to grow, the firm said in a brief that many businesses won't buy in, "until user pressure forces them to in 2003."

What is a PDA?

A PDA (personal digital assistant) is a digital organizer, or personal digital assistant, that can be comfortable held in your hand (it is also called a handheld). The term PDA first appeared early in 1992 when Apple began looking for a partner to make their personal digital assistants. Sharp took on the task and after a lot of hype, a product called the Newton appeared in August of 1993. But a $700 price tag and a complicated handwriting recognition feature conspired to bury the Newton, and it wasn’t until 1996, when U.S. Robotics (which was bought by 3Com in 1997) introduced the Pilot 1000 and 5000, that the market for PDAs began to intensify. PalmPilots were applauded for a simpler, more accessible design, and now, three years later, many business executives consider a PDA a necessity.

Calendar, notepad and address books are common features on a PDA, but many also download email and other materials from a computer (some sync, or copy certain files from a computer to the handheld device). PDAs offerings are steadily expanding—modems come with some models and can be purchased as an add-on to others. The devices are also coming down in price (some go for as little as $150).

Much like a traditional computer, PDAs consist of a display screen (the screen is usually a touch screen, and it is called a LCD display), a processor, memory, and an operating system. There is a wide range of operating systems (see Operating System, left) that PDAs run on, one of the most popular being the Palm OS. Microsoft also has PDA operating system called Windows CE. While the PalmPilot is widely known because of its influence on the market, there’s a wide range of PDAs for today’s consumer to choose from.

Despite a rocky start, PDAs have certainly taken off, and the future holds more promise as Internet connectivity makes it way to PDAs.

SIM Cards

SIM Cards

A SIM (subscriber identity module) is an electronic card which securely stores the key identifying a mobile phone service subscriber, as well as subscription information, preferences and text messages. The equivalent of a SIM in UMTS is a Universal Subscriber Identity Module (USIM).

The SIM stores network state information such as its current location area identity (LAI). If the handset is turned off and back on again it will take data off the SIM and search for the LAI it was in. This saves time by avoiding having to search the whole list of frequencies that the telephone normally would. Each SIM is uniquely identified by its ICCID [International Circuit Card ID].
SIM cards identify users uniquely by holding an IMSI.

What is a SIM card?
The SIM (Subscriber Identification Module or Subscriber Identity Module) card - a.k.a. "smart card" - holds all of a subscriber's personal information and phone settings. In essence, it is the subscriber's authorization to use the network. It also holds the phone number, personal security key and other data necessary for the handset to function. The card can be switched from phone to phone, letting the new phone receive all calls to the subscriber's number.

How do SIM cards functions?
The SIM is inside each handset and functions as its digital brain. The authentication and encryption capabilities of the SIM prevent your phone from being stolen and your calls from being eavesdropped on. The SIM's digital memory, which stores information like your rate plan, phone number and service features, also allows you to easily personalize your service and contains user ID and billing information that can be switched between different phones. So, with your SIM card installed, you can make or receive calls personally even when you're using a borrowed phone. Upgrading your phone is as simple as slipping your SIM card into your new phone.


In July 2005, the Finnish government announced that a Citizen Certificate - a government-guaranteed 'electronic identity' included in a SIM card - will be made available to every individual resident in Finland before the end of 2005, allowing mobile phone users to access e-services on the move. The Citizen Certificate has been described as "basically an e-ID card that will be compatible with several hardware devices, such as mobile phones, PDAs, personal computers, Digital TV sets, and public web kiosks".
[1] The first SIM cards with embedded Citizen Certificates have already been made available in selected localities.
The use of SIM card is mandatory in the GSM world, whereas the SIM (RUIM) is not very popular in the CDMA world.
The major SIM card vendors in the market are Axalto, Gemplus, G&D and Oberthur Card Systems.
W-SIM is a SIM card which also integrates core cellular technology into the card itself.

GSM Technology

GSM Technology
GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications) leads the world as the fastest growing, most reliable and advanced digital technology available in the marketplace today. GSM provides integrated voice mail, high-speed data, fax, paging and short message services capabilities. GSM customers enjoy secure communications, and GSM offers unparalleled call privacy and fraud prevention. As members of the GSM Global Network, GSM subscribers can use their phones at home, across town, across the continent, or around the world (except for with country specific SIM cards). GSM operates on the multiple spectrum frequency bands used around the world - 1900MHZ, which is used in North America and 900MHz and 1800 MHz for other locations. Different mobile phone networks operate at different frequencies, which means that if you wish to use your mobile phone outside your home country, you generally need a handset that supports multiple frequency bands. Make sure that the celluar phone you are interested in is compatible with the GSM band of the country you will use it in.
As a general Guideline:

Dual-band - A dual-band phone operates at both the 900 MHz and 1800 MHz spectrum. Dual-band works in Europe, Africa, Asia, Australia, New Zealand and much of South America.

Tri-band - A tri-band phone operates on three frequency bands, 900 MHz, 1800 MHz and 1900 MHz, allowing you to use it in Europe, Africa, Asia, nearly all of North America, Australia and New Zealand.

Quad-band - A quad-band phone allows you to roam almost anywhere globally. It covers the 850 Mhz, 900 MHz, 1800 MHz and 1900 MHz frequency ranges. Many countries in South America only have 850 MHz GSM service while both 1900 MHZ and 850 MHz GSM services are supported in the USA. 99% of all countries use the GSM standard. WE believe eventually GSM will be the only cell phone standard in the world.

The GSM network provides the best digital wireless voice quality in the world today.

EDGE TECHNOLOGY

EDGE - Used in Mobiles

Connect With Speed

Enhanced Data rates for Global Evolution (EDGE) enables data connections three times faster than GPRS within the same multislot class. Like GPRS, you're billed for the data you transfer, not for the time you spend connected.

The Benefits of EDGE

EDGE opens up a lot of possibilities for connecting to data networks on your mobile phone, making it far less frustrating to stream video and download larger files.

How EDGE Works

To use EDGE, you need a phone that supports it, a subscription from your network operator that supports EDGE, and the proper settings.

EDGE is based on General Packet Radio Service, which sends "packets" of data over a radio wave (on the GSM network). Packet switching works like a jigsaw puzzle: your data is split into many pieces, then sent over the network and reassembled at the other end. GPRS is just one of the ways to transport these jigsaw puzzles.

What You Can Do With EDGE

• Connect to your office or personal email account - you can even set your phone to check for email automatically using data sync
• Browse the Internet on your phone
• Synchronize your phone and office calendar while you're out of town
• Download ringing tones, graphics, and games
• Play online games (one example of this is the N-Gage Arena)
• Send and receive MMS messages
• Use your phone as a modem, connecting your laptop to the Internet
• Subscribe to mobile services that bring you personalized information like sports updates, breaking news, horoscopes, share prices, the daily trip-hop-country single...
• Use Java applications that require a network connection
• Chat using instant messaging on your phone
• Update your friends' Presence status

EDGE (based on GPRS) is better than a GSM connection for data that's transferred in larger "chunks." And unlike voice calls and dial-up Internet connections, you pay for how much you transfer, not for how long you're connected. You can have an active connection all the time if you like, which is nice if you need to synchronize periodically with a network or if you're expecting an important email. If you need to make or answer a phone call, your EDGE connection is automatically disconnected for the duration of the call.

When you talk on a mobile phone, a continuous connection to a channel is reserved for you on the GSM network, which means nobody else can use that channel. With EDGE, you can still have a continuous connection, but you only use the channel when you're sending data.

So, you might be connected to a channel all the time, but you only actually use it when you're sending data. One channel can be shared by many people. This is why you're billed for data transferred, not for time.

EDGE is significantly faster than than CSD (Circuit Switched Data, sometimes just called GSM Data). However, you may find transfers slower than maximum speed during peak hours in busy cell networks, because voice connections usually take precedence. As with GPRS, the data transfer rate also depends on your multislot class

Pulses and Bits

EDGE uses a slightly different technology than GPRS called 8PSK, or 8-Phase Shift Keying. Here's a very simplified explanation: data is sent over GPRS and EDGE in pulses. With GPRS, a pulse can carry 1 bit of data, but with EDGE, one pulse carries 3 bits. So it's not that the data actually moves faster, it's that more can be moved at any given time.

What if EDGE Isn't Covered?
In areas where an EDGE network is not available, connections will fall back on GPRS as a default.

S60 Software

Hi Guys,

This time i'ave planned to post really some interesting things.......ok let me start with S60 Software ,Which we use in Mobile phones....



S60 Software


What is S60 Software?

S60 software is what makes your S60 device more like a small computer than a conventional mobile phone.It provides both the basic phone functionality, and the advanced applications expected in today's phones.Just as importantly, it provides the intuitive, full-color user interface that makes using your handheld device as simple and as enjoyable as possible.

S60 software enables you to download additional applications to your device, access email and Internet, play games, and listen to music. It also allows you to run several applications at the same time without closing them.

S60 software lets you personalize the display and alter the appearance of your phone's user interface (UI) by using UI themes to change the background, icons, colors, and graphics or by re-arranging the menu to match your priorities. In addition, S60 devices can be easily connected to your PC via USB, Bluetooth or IrDA to transfer pictures, music, videos, documents and applications, and to synchronize your calendar, contacts, and email.

Whether your S60 device was chosen with imaging, business, music, or games in mind, you can choose from thousands of add-on applications to tailor your smartphone and keep up with your changing needs and tastes.

S60 Applications From games and entertainment to personal productivity and business, find out more about the applications you're looking for at www.s60.com


Frequently Asked Questions


Frequently Asked Questions: Find answers to frequently asked questions about S60 software.


1. What is S60 software?
S60 software consists of a user interface and all of the software and applications necessary to run a smartphone. S60 software runs on the open Symbian OS (operating system). In addition to existing applications, you can also install additional applications.


2. What are the main benefits of S60 software?
S60 software allows you to do more with your device: Install add-on applications, tailor your device's appearance and functionality, browse the Internet, send and receive emails, and synchronize your device with your PC.


3. Who makes or owns S60 software?
S60 is developed by Nokia and licensed by some of the foremost mobile device manufacturers in the world.S60 software, built on the Symbian OS (operating system), is the world's leading smartphone platform, with millions of devices and thousands of mobile applications on the market.


4. Where can I find additional applications or software for my device?
There are many places where you can find additional applications and content. Take a look at your operator portal or visit www.s60.com/applications for more information.


5. How do I add new applications or software to my device?
You can add content to your S60 device in many different ways. You can download content with your browser, have it sent via MMS, or transfer it from your PC via Infrared or Bluetooth connections.


There are many places you can download content, such as your operator portal or other service providers' web sites. Go to an operator portal, click on a link to download the application or software, and install it as guided on the display of your device. It really is that simple. For more detailed information, refer to your device's user guide.


6. How do I remove applications or software that I no longer need?
You can delete the application in the Application Manager that can be found in the Menu of your device. For more detailed information, refer to your device's user guide.


7. Can my device get a virus, or other malware, from downloading new applications?
You can help protect your device against mobile malware by being careful when accepting applications sent via Bluetooth or as an MMS attachment. As a rule of thumb, don't download, approve or install applications from unknown or unreliable sources.


To improve security, the latest S60 3rd Edition software includes a new security architecture that can be used to further improve protection against mobile malware. For added protection, S60 software allows you to add anti-virus and encryption applications.

MEN AND WIVES

MEN AND WIVES

Every man should get married some time; after all, happiness is not the only thing in life!!

--Anonymous

Bachelors should be heavily taxed. It is not fair that some men should be happier than others .

--Oscar Wilde

Don't marry for money; you can borrow it cheaper.

--Scottish Proverb

I don't worry about terrorism. I was married for two years.

--Sam Kinison

A psychiatrist is a person who will give you expensive answers that your wife will give you for free.

--Anonymous

Bachelors know more about women than married men; if they didn't, they'd be married too.

--H. L. Mencken

Men have a better time than women; for one thing, they marry later; for another thing, they die earlier.

--H. L. Mencken

"A man without a woman is like a fish without a bicycle."

- U2

Marriage is a three-ring circus: --engagement ring ---wedding ring ---suffering.

When a newly married couple smiles, everyone knows why. When a ten-year married couple smiles, everyone wonders why.

Love is blind but marriage is an eye-opener.

When a man opens the door of his car for his wife, you can be sure of one thing: either the car is new or the wife.

I take my wife everywhere, but she keeps finding her way back to home always.

--Anonymous

I asked my wife, "Where do you want to go for our anniversary?" She said,"Somewhere I have never been!" I told her, "How about the kitchen?"

--Anonymous

We always hold hands. If I let go, she shops.

My wife was in beauty saloon for two hours. That was only for the estimate.

--Anonymous

She got a mudpack and looked great for two days.Then the mud fell off.

--Anonymous

She ran after the garbage truck, yelling, "Am I too late for the garbage?" Following her down the street I yelled, "No, jump in."

--Anonymous

Badd Teddy recently explained to me why he refuses to get to married. He says "the wedding rings look like minature handcuffs....."

--Anonymous

If your dog is barking at the back door and your wife yelling at the frontdoor, who do you let in first? The Dog of course...at least he'll shut up after u let him in!

--Anonymous

The Problem with GIRLS

The problem with GIRLS

If u TREAT her nicely, she says u are IN LOVE with her;
If u Don't, she says u are PROUD.

If u DRESS Nicely, she says u are trying to LURE her;
If u Don't, she says u are from ANDHRA.

If u ARGUE with her, she says u are STUBBORN;
If u keep QUIET,! she says u have no BRAINS.

If u are SMARTER than her, she'll lose FACE;
If she's Smarter than u, she is GREAT.

If u don't Love her, she tries to POSSESS u;
If u Love her, she will try to LEAVE u.(very true huh?)

If u tell her your PROBLEM, she says u are TROUBLESOME;
If u don't, she says that u don't TRUST her.

If u SCOLD her, u are like a CHACHA to her;
If she SCOLDS u, it is because she CARES for u.

If u BREAK your PROMISE, u Cannot be TRUSTED;
If she BREAKS hers, she is FORCED to do so.

If u SMOKE, u are BAD BOY;
If she SMOKES, she is a GENTLELADY.

If u do WELL in your exams, she says it's LUCK;
If she does WELL, it's BRAINS.

If u HURT her, u are CRUEL;
If she HURTS u, u are too SENSITIVE!! & sooo hard to please!!!!!

If u send this to girls, they will swear that it's not true.......
but if u don't, they say u are selfish.....

Indian Languages

Indian Languages

Introduction:

There are 29 states and 6 union territories in India. There are 18 official languages and approximately 100 other languages spoken in India. But, almost each of these 18 languages, include different dialects or variations of that language. Most of the languages of India belong to two families, Aryan and Dravidian.

Languages spoken in the four states of south India belong to the Dravidian family and most of the languages spoken in the north are of Aryan family. The general script of the Aryan languages is different from the general script of Dravidian languages.

History Of Indian Languages:

The Aryans are said to have entered India through the fabled Khyber pass, around 1500 BC. Before the Aryans, the Dravidian people resided in India. It is believed that coming of the Aryans pushed the local people southwards or towards the jungles and mountains in north India.
The Aryans are believed to have brought with them the horse, developed the Sanskrit language and made significant contribution to the religion of the times.
The languages spoken in present India, evolved in different phases of Indian history. In the earlier stage of Indian history other languages were spoken. The holy books of different religions that developed in ancient India are written in different languages. The holy books of Hinduism were written Sanskrit

Indian languages now in use have evolved from different language families in the course of time in history.

The Constitution has recognized Hindi, in the Devanagiri script, as Indias official language. However, English continues to be the official working language. For many educated Indians, English is virtually their first language, and for a great number of Indians who are multi-lingual, it will probably be the second. The regional languages have been recognized as the official language of the States. In many cases, the state boundaries are drawn between linguistic lines.
Despite their separate names, Hindi and Urdu are actually slightly different dialects of the same language. The main differences lie in their vocabulary sources, scripts, and religious traditions. Hindi vocabulary derives mainly from Sanskrit, while Urdu contains many words of Persian and Arabic origin; Hindi is written in the Devanagari script, and Urdu in a Persian Arabic script. Hindi is spoken mainly by Hindus; Urdu is used predominantly by Muslims—in India as well as throughout Pakistan.

Bihari is actually the name of a group of three related languages—Bhojpuri, Maithili, and Magahi—spoken mainly in northeastern India in Bihar. Despite its large number of speakers, Bihari is not a constitutionally recognized language of India. Even in Bihar, Hindi is the language used for educational and official matters.

Facts about Dravidian Languages

About 23 Dravidian languages are spoken by an estimated 169 million people, mainly in southern India.

The 4 major Dravidian tongues are recognized as official state languages—Tamil in Tamil Nadu, Telugu in Andhra Pradesh, Kannada (Kanarese) in Mysore, and Malayalam in Kerala.
Dravidian languages have long literary histories and are written in their own scripts.

Telugu is spoken by the largest number of people

Tamil has the richest literature, is thought to be extremely ancient, and it is spoken over the widest area, including northwestern Sri Lanka.


Official Languages Of India, recognized by the Indian constitution

	Language	Spoken Approx By
1	Assamese	13 million
2	Bengali	69.5 million
3	Gujarati	40 million
4	Hindi	337 million
5	Kannada	32 million
6	Kashmiri	56 thousand
7	Konkani	1.7 million
8	Malayalam	30.3 million
9	Manipuri	1.2 million
10	Marathi	62 million
11	Nepali	2 million
12	Oriya	28 million
13	Punjabi	23 million
14	Sanskrit	49.7 thousand
15	Sindhi	2.1 million
16	Tamil	53 million
17	Telugu	66 million
18	Urdu	43 million

Assamese is the language of Assam and is spoken by nearly 60 percent of the State population. It developed as a literary language from the 13th Century.

Bengali, one of the leading Indo-Aryan languages, is the official language of West Bengal. It too developed as a language in the 13th Century and is now spoken by nearly 200 million people in West Bengal and in Bangladesh.

Bengali is spoken by almost the entire population of Bangladesh. Like Hindi, it is descended from Sanskrit, and has the most extensive literature of any modern Indian language.

Gujarati is the official language of the state of Gujarat and is spoken by 70 percent of the State population. Gujarat started out as an independent language around AD 1200. It is now one of the most developed languages in India.

Hindi is numerically the biggest of the Indo-Aryan family and is the official language of India. Two major varieties of Hindi are spoken; Western Hindi, which originated in the area around Delhi, includes literary Hindi and Urdu and Eastern Hindi is spoken mainly in central Uttar Pradesh and eastern Madhya Pradesh. There are various dialects of Hindi. In six states and union Territories, Hindi is the official language.

Kannada is the state language of Karnataka and is spoken by 65 percent of the state population. It belongs to the Dravidian family, and dates back to the 9th Century as an independent language.

Kashmiri is a language of the Indo-Aryan group and is often mistaken as the state language of Jammu and Kashmir. Urdu is the state language of Jammu and Kashmir. Kashmiri speaking population of the state comes to around 55% of the total population. Kashmiri literature goes back to AD 1200.

Konkani, the official language of Goa, is principally based on classical Sanskrit and belongs to the southwestern branch of Indo-Aryans. It is spoken by thousands of Konkanis in Maharashtra, Karnataka and Kerala also.

Malayalam, a branch of the Dravidian family is the official language of the state of Kerala. It is also spoken in Lakshwadeep islands. Malayalam developed as an independent language, by the 10th Century AD. It is the youngest of all developed languages in the Dravidian family.

Marathi, the Indic language, dates back to the 13th Century. It is the official language of Maharashtra. Though Marathi separated from the Indo-Aryan stock at a very early date , it has today a fully developed literature of the modern type.

Oriya, a branch of the Indo-Aryan family, is the official language of the State of Orissa, where the Oriya speaking population comprises around 82% of the total population. Oriya is found recorded as far back as the 10th Century. However, its literary career began only in the 14th Century.

Punjabi belongs to the Indo-Aryan family and is the official language of the State of Punjab. Punjabi, though very ancient, turned literary around the 15th Century. From the 19th Century, Punjabi showed vigorous development in all branches of literature. It is written in Gurmukhi script, created by the Sikh Guru, Angad.

Punjabi (Panjabi), spoken in the Punjab, a region covering parts of northeastern India and western Pakistan, was the language of the gurus, the founders of the Sikh religion. The sacred teachings of Sikhism are recorded in Punjabi in the Gurmukhi script, which was devised by a Sikh guru. In India, Punjabi is close to the Hindi language; to the west, in Pakistan, Punjabi dialects differ markedly.

Sanskrit, the classical language of India, is also one of the oldest languages in the world- perhaps the oldest to be recorded. It starts with the Rig Veda, which appears to have been composed around 2000 BC. Early Sanskrit is known as Vedic Sanskrit and covers the period between 500 BC and AD 1000.

Sindhi is spoken by a great number of people in the Northwest frontier of the Indian subcontinent comprising parts of India and Pakistan. It belongs to the Indo-Aryan family and preserved some of the archaic characteristics of the Indo-Aryan script. Sindhi is actually an offshoot of some of the dialects of the Vedic Sanskrit. Sindh, on the north west of undivided India, had always been the first to bear the onslaught of the never-ending invaders, and as such absorbed Hindi, Persian, Arabic, Turkish, English and even Portuguese. Sindh is where Persian and Indian cultures blended

Tamil is the oldest of the Dravidian languages and is the State language of Tamil Nadu. Tamil literature goes back to Centuries before the Christian era. It represents certain new literary types that are not in Sanskrit or other Aryan languages. It spoken by more than 73 million people.

Telugu is a Dravidian language spoken by the people of Andhra Pradesh. It is numerically the biggest linguistic unit in India. Telugu is found to be recorded in the 7th Century AD. However, it is only in the 11th Century that it broke out into a literary language.

Urdu is the State language of Jammu and Kashmir and is spoken by more than 28 million people In India. The name "Urdu" is derived from "Zabane-e-Urdu-Muala" which means the language of the exalted camp or court. Here it refers to the camp or court of the ruling Sultans of Delhi. Urdu and Hindi have proceeded from the same source i.e., Khariboli. Urdu is written in the Persio-Arabic script and contains many words from the Persian language.

Languages Spoken In the States and Union Terrotories Of India

Indo-Aryan languages: 491,087,116, 74.24%, Dravidian languages: 157,836,723, 23.86%

Jammu & Kashmir (Dogri, Kashmiri, Ladakhi, Punjabi, Urdu, Hindi, Baltistani, Dardi)
Himanchal Pradesh (Hindi, Pahadi)
Punjab (Punjabi, Hindi and Urdu)
Haryana (Hindi, Haryanvi, Predominantly Muslim - Urdu)
Rajasthan (Hindi, Rajasthani, Marwadi, Predominantly Muslim - Urdu)
Uttar Pradesh (Hindi, Brijbhasha, Pahadi, Avadhi, Bhojpuri, numerous others, Pred. Musl. - Urdu)
Uttaranchal (Hindi)
Chhattisgarh (Hindi)
Madhya Pradesh (Hindi, Marathi, numerous others, pred. Muslim - Urdu)
Gujarat (Gujarati)
Maharashtra (Marathi, Vidarbha region - Hindi and Marathi)
Karnataka (Kannada)
Goa (Konkani)
Kerala (Malayalam)
Tamil Nadu (Tamil)
Lakshadweep (Malayalam )
Andaman & Nicobar Islands (Andamanese)
Andhra Pradesh (Telugu, Hyderabad city - Telugu plus Urdu)
Orissa (Oriya)
Bihar (Hindi, Bhojpuri, Maithini, Santhali, Angika, numerous others, Bengali, Pred. Muslim - Urdu)
Jharkhand (Hindi)

West Bengal (Bengali)
Sikkim (Nepali, Lepcha, Bhutia)
Assam (Assamese, others)
Meghalaya (Garo, Khasi)
Arunanchal Pradesh (Nissi, Daffla)
Mizoram (Mizo)
Nagaland (Naga)
Tripura (Tripuri, Bengali, Kuki)
Delhi (Hindi)

Please print out a copy of the linguistic map of India from http://www.mapsofindia.com/maps/india/indianlanguages.htmand use as a reference material for this topic.
Source : Sudha Jamthe , US

Copycats in Indian Film Music!!!

Copycats in Indian Film Music!!!

CopyCats have alwas existed in Indian film music - right from SD Burman, RD Burman to the recent Vishal-Shekhar, Nadeem Shravan and of course Anu Malik. This phenomenon has been there in tamil movies too - right from the Un Aattamellaam song from Ali Baba-vum 40 thirudargalum (copied from Ya Habibi Taala By Asmahan) to the three blatant lifts in Kadhal Kondein (by Yuvan Shankar) . However, the originality seems to be lower in Hindi movies. This is what I could infer from the site www.itwofs.com, which is a great database of copied songs! Look at the sheer number of hindi songs that have been copied -way too high!

Sometimes, u feel so shocked to find that the song which was a big hit and the one that u liked was copied. I got such a shock, when I came across this on www.itwofs.com:

The song that made Hassan Jehangir a household name across the 2 countries - Hawa hawa. This chartbuster was first released in 1990 in Pakistan, but strangely enough, its Iranian original is as old as the 70s! Yes, the original is called 'Havar havar' and was by Persian singer Kourosh Yaghmai.

U can listen to the source song at the address mentioned above.

(In this site, ITWOFS, a convention is followed. A TC tag next to an entry means that the tune itself is lifted. The lack of creativity (or shall we say, absence of creativity?) of the music director can be gauged from this.)

Source:http://arrahmaniac.blogspot.com/

A.R.Rahman & Sachin Tendulkar - A comparison

A.R.Rahman & Sachin Tendulkar - A comparison

Many people who became die-hard Rahman fans in the 90s were also hardcore Sachin fans (including me!). I have seen this in many cases... My friend Radhakrishnan who is also a Rahmaniac also was of the same opinion! I think this phenomenon is not without a reason, the reason being similarities between the two. Got this interesting comparison by Maddy, from ForumHub:

A startling but very logical coincidences between 2 of the greatest men of 90's......they characterised the 90's and were icons of the youth at that time......just see the startling similarities between these 2:

Entry into their respective fields:

A.R.Rahman (ARR): 1992
Sachin Tendulkar (SRT): 1989

They were an instant hit because:

ARR: Blasting music, classical songs at a very young age
SRT: Swashbuckling batting and a great cricketing sense at a very young age

How they stood out from others?

ARR: First to bring digital touch to Indian music and compose fusion that no one else dares to think off.
SRT: First to explore the first 15-over restriction, score centuries at bouncy, tough tracks like Perth.

As time moved on:

ARR: Stopped producing blasting music, instead delivered Classical melodies like Taal, Swades, Bose, Meenaxi and Tehzeeb out of maturity.
SRT: Stopped going over the top to bowlers, instead played exquisite drives and late cuts and produced innings with a lot of maturity.

Character similarity:

ARR: Shy towards media and lets his keyboard answer his critics
SRT: Shy towards media and lets his bat answer his critics

Media point of view:

ARR: Darling of Mumbai and London press
SRT: Darling of Mumbai and London press

International attention:

ARR: Admired by Andrew Lloyd Webber , Micheal jackson (who wore a t-shirt having Rahman's photo on it) and many other international music reviewers who want him to compose for Hollywood films.
SRT: Adored by the man himself the "DON" Bradman and Mike Atherton(who compared Sachin to W.G.Grace) and a never ending list of Australian, English, Kiwi, WestIndian players.

Earnings:

ARR: Draws 1 Crore/ film, ambassador of Bharti telecom, sizzled with the Airtel ad
SRT: Unimaginable money on contracts with big commercial giants. Sizzles in Pepsi ads.Records:

ARR: 4 national awards, 17 filmfare awards, his music sold 210 million copies around the world (more than Britney and Madonna put together!!) and success rate of 80%+ album sales in Indian movies.
SRT: Look at this for a record: 37 ODI centuries, 35 TEST centuries, 13,000+ runs in ODI's, 44+ average in ODI's and 58+ average in Tests. What else u can ask for?

Popularity:

ARR: Has a huge fan following in India and in south he is a demi-god and captures the imagination of NRI's throughout the world
SRT: According to a survey, he is the most popular man in the Country edging out the Prime Minister and Shah-Rukh-Khan. He is popular even in places like U.S where the game is not that popular (featured in an exclusive article in an American sports magazine)

Career Graph & Present form:

ARR: Had fabulous nineties with all his albums doing well in this time. Reached dizzying heights during this period. Have had flops with major bannerssince 2001, which got the critics interested. Had a great 2003 within this lean patch with Boys creating sales records. His fans base however is intact, proved that with success of Ah Aah album.
SRT: The star of 90’s, his batting propelled him into a youth icon status in India and was concurred with many awards from the government. Being pressurized by the detractors for a imaginary loss of form and injury worries since 2001. Had a great world cup 2003 scoring runs at will. Recently has had a good innings in a one-day match to prove that he is still fit.(Their career-graph is one of the most fascinating things I have ever noticed, they always seem to have good times together. Bad times also coincides for both of them)

Fans:

ARR: Die-hard fans want him to go back to 90’s style of composing
SRT:Never say die fans want him to take up 90’s style of swashbuckling batting.

Successors:

ARR: His successors like Yuvan Shankar Raja and Himesh Reshammiya are more successful than him right now but no way near to him in terms of class.
SRT: Yuvraj Singh, Mohammed Kaif are more popular with people than him right now but as the old west-Indian saying goes: "Form is temporary, but class is permanent".

Duplicates:

ARR: Has a duplicate called Harris Jeyaraj who not only copies ARR's music and composing style but also his hairstyle and way of speaking in interviews.
SRT: Virendar Sehwag, a natural duplicate of sachin with looks and batting style similar to him. Called “Najafgarh ka Tendulkar”. (Najafgarh is Virendar Sehwag’s hometown.)

Where will they end up?:

ARR: Probably will put India into the world map of music and create records which upcoming Indian M.D's can't even dream of.
SRT: It would probably take an android or a special species of human being to erase his record in Cricket. Will always be remembered as the greatest ever batsman of modern era.